Fluid fuel burner



March 12, 1935. E. G. BAILEY 1,994,444

FLUID FUEL BURNER Original Filed Aug. 7, 1926 3 Sheets-Sheet l l I i A!1' I41 +27 5 I i 26-I [02 II r[ W l II E I I I I n I f 10 i I: l 23 E.110 I 5 12 12 5 5i. 5 a

I25 L 24 EVLJI \J J J m INVENTOR Em z'n GBai/e B a A ORNEY March 12,1935. E. 3. BAILEY FLUID FUEL BURNER Original Filed Aug. 7, 1926 3Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR Ell/III 6504 Man-ch12, 1935; E. G. BAILEY FLUIDFUEL BURNER 3 Sheds-Sheet 3 Original Filed Aug. 7, 1926 INVENTOR EVll? G.Bai/ 2% Emma Patented Mar. 12, 1935 PATENT OFFICE 1.994.444 FLUID FUELBURNER Ervln G. Bailey, Easton, Pa., assignor, by mesne assignments, toFuller Lehigh Company, a corporation of Delaware Continuation ofapplication Serial No. 127,191, August "I, 1926. This application July20, 1932,

Serial No. 623,519

32 Claims. (Cl. 122-235) My invention relates to a fluid fuel burnerwhich will more thoroughly mix the fluid fuel and the combustion air. Itis especially intended for use in connection with boiler furnaces havingwater-cooled walls.

The present application is a continuation of my copending applicationSerial No. 127,791, filed August '7, 1926, for Fuel burner, andisrelated to my copending patent application filed of even dateherewith, Serial No. 623,520, which is directed to amethod of burningfuel.

One object of the present invention lies in providing a burner whichwill produce a shorter, more intense fiame and more rapid combustionthan has heretofore been possible. A further object is to enlarge theflame filled space and to reduce the amount of excess air required.Another object is to provide a burner and a mounting therefor in a formwhich will permit it to be adequately cooled by means of fluid coolingtubes in the wall. Other objects will appear upon further considerationof this specification.

One preferred form of the burner and associated parts is shown in theaccompanying drawings wherein Figure 1 is an elevation of a burnerconstructed in accordance with the invention, showing a portion of thefurnace wallxas viewed from within the furnace,

Fig. 2 is a horizontal section on'the line II-II v, of Figure 1,

Fig. 3 is a vertical midsection of the burner taken on the line IIIlIIof Figure 1,

Figs. 4, 5, and 6 are views similar to Figs. 1, 2,

' and S respectively showing a modified form of the invention, and

Figs. '1, 8, and 9 are views similar to Figs. 1, 2, and 3 showinganother modified form of the invention.

By the words fluid fuel I intend to include any fuel which is or may beemployed in fluid form whether'admixed with primary air or not beforeemerging from the fuel opening of the burner. It is intended, forexample, to include as fuel, either gas, oil in spray or finely dividedform, vaporized liquid fuels, pulverized coal or other carbonaceousmaterial admixed with'primar'y air to form a preliminary fluid fuelmixture, or any combination of such fuels.

Beside the thorough of fluid fuel and air, more fully describedhereinafter, a second important feature of the invention lies inproperly supporting and protecting the burner. Especially wherepulverized coal is used as a combustible, the general burner opening islikely to become any desired purpose. In

.inside blocks 14 are preferably of heated to a point at which the fuelwill become partly fused and sticky in character, tending to clog theburner opening. This diiliculty is overcome by protecting andwater-cooling the burner. In overcoming this difliculty provision isalso made for suitably supporting the burner on the water-cooled furnacewall so that the burner may move with the furnace wall in any expansionor contraction thereof.

A third important feature of my invention lies in combining a furnace,having water-cooling tubes, with a burner or burners of the improvedtype which may be located at any desirable point or points therein or inconnection therewith.

Referring more particularly to the drawings, 15 the form. of theinvention illustrated in Figs. 1, 2, and 3 shows a boiler furnace wallhaving spaced vertically extending water tubes lo forming at least ,aportion thereof. Water is circulated through these tubes to cool thefurnace wall, and also for heating the water or generating steam, theresulting hot water or steam being used for this form the spaces betweenthe water tubes 10 are closed by rows of blocks, the outside blocksbeing marked 13, and the inside blocks being marked 14. Each row ofblocks has recesses formed therein which fit partly around adjacenttubes, andthe rows may be clamped in place by means of bolts 16. The

metal in the portion seating against the tubes and are shown as havingportions 15 of refractory material facing the furnace chamber. Heatconducting cement of any known or desired composition may be interposedbetween the curved recessed portions of the blocks of the water tubes inorder to provide closely fitting joints through which the furnace heatmay be readily conveyed.

In this form of the invention two adjacent water tubes 10 are bentdirectly outwardly of the furnace and parallel to each other to supportand cool the elongated outlet 12 of a fuel nozzle 11. This outlet ispreferably in the form of a long narrow slot, as best shown in Figure 1.Each water tube 10 adjacent each of the water tubes 10 is bent inwardlytoward the furnace chamber and sidewise away from the adjacent watertube 10 and toward the adjacent unbent tube, to provide the generalburner opening or port. (See Fig. 2.)

The fuel nozzle 11, through which a rich mixture of pulverized fuel andprimary air or other suitable fluid fuel is fed to the furnace, extendsthrough a box-like casing 18 containing secondary air under pressure.This casing 18 is shown 55 as having inwardly converging sides bolted toangle irons 17 attached to the outside blocks 13. The fuel nozzle 11which extends through the air chamber has its outlet portion 12 flangedand 11 and the tubes 10 and also between the blocks 19 and these tubesin order to assist the transfer of heat from the flanges and the blocksto the Lugs or extensions 21 are preferably provided on the outside ofthe blocks 19, and these lugs or extensions may carry air-directingwings-22 extending outwardly of the blocks 19 into the airbox andpreferably secured to vertical-angle irons 23- which form verticalbraces or supports. The blocks 19 are preferably composite in character,their outer portionsbeing of metal, and the portions facing the furnacebeing of refractory material. These blocks 19 are fastened to thesupports 23-, as just described, and also to the walls of the airhousing 18. The blocks 19 are here shown as spaced (see Figure 1) toprovide air openings from the air-box into the furnace, these openingsbeing shown, (see Figure 1) as staggered on opposite sides of the outletportion 12 of the fuel nozzle 11.

It ispreferred to provide an access door 24 in the side of the airhousing 18 and to construct a tubular port 25 leading from the accessdoor 24 into the burner opening through which a torch for lighting thefuel may be thrust. An inlet 26 is provided for feeding air from anyconvenient source to the casing 18, and adamper 2'7 is preferablydisposed in the inlet 26 to control the air admission.

In operation the fluid fuel, in this case pulverized coal and primaryair, is introduced into the furnace through the fuel nozzle 11, passingthe outlet portion 12 in the form of a thin vertically extending sheet.The mixture passing through the nozzle contains insufficient air forcombustion, and'additional or secondary air passes into the furnace fromthe inlet 26 past the damper 27 into the box-like casing 18 and thencethrough the staggered openings between the blocks 19 at inwardlyconverging angles on opposite sides of the fuel stream. In this form,therefore, the incoming secondary air streams are staggered on oppositesides of the central sheet.

Applying theterm fluid" to the rich coal and air mixture, which has beenreferred to as the fuel pasing through the nozzle 11, it will be notedthat at least one of the fluids-is admitted through multiple ports inorder to assist in the intermixing of the fuels and the spreading andshortening of the flame. 'The angular impingement and through severalparts.

deflecting of the coactingstreams occur after the .streams have lefttheir respective openings,'at

least one of the fluids passing into the furnace If these ports areposi- V tioned on opposite sides, the flame from the multi-ported burneris deflected in opposite directions in diiferentportions thereof. Thus,it will be noted that the secondary air streams enter the furnace atangles to the fuel stream and impinge on the fuelstream after the latterhas emerged from its-outlet 12. Consequently the angular impingementofthe staggered air streamsv on the central thin fuel stream tends todeflect portions thereof in opposite directions. Further, such angularimpingement not only causes thorough admixture of air and fuel, but alsoshortens the flame, and by forcing it sidewise in opposite directions,causes the flame to fill a much greater volume of the furnace space thanwould otherwise be possible. Finally, it will be noted that such angularimpingement of the combustion air against the thin sheet of the fuelstream causes great turbulence, rapid admixture of fuel and air andshortening of the flame.

Referring now to the second set of features of my invention, namely, theproper supporting and protecting of the burner, it will be noted thatthe burner, as a whole, has its burner opening into the furnace partlyscreened from radiant heat sidewise bent tubes 10 and the adjacent tubes10 partially screen the burner from the radiant heat of the furnace,while the outwardly bent tubes 10 serve to water-cool the nozzleportions of the burner, as well as also partially'screen them. It willbe noted that the fuel enters between water tubes-in the case shown, thetubes 10 while the supplemental air enters the several ports betweeneach tube 10 and the adjacent tube 10 Consequently, the tubes 10 and 10serve to partially protect and also water-cool both the fuel andair-ports. I

The burner is thus kept below such temperatures as would causestickiness and clogging where pulverized coal is used as thecombustible. This water-cooling of the partially exposed inner part ofthe burner, as a whole, is an important feature of my invention.Furthermore, by the construction shown, the burner or burners aresupported on and may move with the watercooled wall structure.Consequently, any expansion or contraction of the wall, as a whole, willcause a similar movement of the burner or burners, thus avoidingstrains, etc. between them. Hence, overheating of the burner isprevented; and no separate supporting system is needed for the burner orburners.

In the construction illustrated, the burner does not project inside thefurnace from the plane of the furnace wall and is preferably outsidesuch plane, as shown, thus decreasing the heat to which it. issubjected, while such heat as is received by the burner is rapidlyconducted to and absorbed by the water in the tubes having inti- .mateheat conductive contact with the burner by water tubes; that theunscreened portion is cool the nozzle ,but also to support it, theburner being fltted for=fastening to these tubes. Thus, the fuel entersbetween water tubes-in the case shown, the tubes lo -whilethesecondary-air passes through the several ports betweeneach tube 10"and the adjacent tubes 10. 4 consequentthrough the air-box on exceptthat provision is made for introducing ers may be positioned as desiredin the wall, while the heat absorbed by the water tubes may be utilizedfor useful work.

In Figures 4, 5, and 6, there is shown a form generally similar to thatof Figures 1, 2, and 3, gas along with th; pulverized fuel and air. Theburner 11' extends through the housing 18', the

tubes and connections being substantially the same as in the first form.The opposite blocks 19' provide the angular inwardly converging airoutlet ports which are preferably staggered, as in the first form; and agas outlet conduit 40 extends into the air-box and is split and passesdown on each side of the fuel nozzle, .the two branches 41 having spacedports or openings 42 between the fuel outlet and the adjacent tubes 10In this case, the angular secondary air jets impinge upon and bendsuccessive portions of the fuel stream of pulverized coal, gas, andprimary air and cause a thorough admixture, giving the spreading action,turbulence and shortening of the flame.

In the further form of Figures '7, 8 and 9, another arrangement is shownfor introducing gas in connection with-the primary fuel, which may be arich mixture of pulverized coal and air, and in connection with themulti-ported angular air outlets. The wall, water tubes, burnerconnections and general assembly are about the same as in Figures 1, 2and 3; but in this modiflcation, gas conduits 44 are secured at thesides of the air-box having spaced outlets 46 which are shown asstaggered on opposite sides of the pair of tubes 10 so that gas forcombustion purposes passes out of the openings 46. The secondary air forcombustion purposes is supplied to the upper end of the air-box 50 andpasses downwardly nozzle 11. The air enters the furnace at both sizes of--the nozzle 11' through the spaces between the gas outlets 46 and aboveand below the nozzle 11. In this manner, both the air and the gas enterin an angular relation to the thin sheet of primary fluid fuel, therebeing two rows of ports on each side thereof feeding in alternate airand gas. In this case, both the compressed air jets and the compressedgas jets serve to impinge upon the thin sheet of primary fluid fueland'de-, flect the same sidewise in opposite directions, thus furthershortening and spreading the flame, while effecting a thorough andintimate mixture of all the combustion components. I

The advantages of my invention result from the three general featuresabove described, and will be claimed both separately and in combinationwith one another.

In actual practice, it has been proven that the burner greatly improvesthe mixing of the fluid fuel and air, reduces the length of flame andspreads the flame into large volume; also that it greatly reduces theamount of excess air re quired and thus enables a high furnacetemperature to be maintained. The heat-conducting metallic contactsbetween the burners and water tubes, especially in connection with thepartial screening from radiant heat and arranging the burners so thatthey do not project inside the waboth sides of the fuel and air opening,and

ter wall and are preferably exterior thereof, are

found to give the burners along life, prevent clogging, and avoid injuryby strains between the burners and water wall on which they are carried.The blocks close in substantially all the side walls of the furnacechamber and enclose it except as to the burners, which fill theremainder of the wall space.

The structure can be economically and easily constructed and applied,and is especially well adapted for fluid fuels, such as those mentionedabove.

The water tubes may extend either vertically or horizontally or ininclined positions, and many changes may be made in the burner, the fuelused and the form and arrangement of the parts, without departing frommy invention.

' I claim:

1. A furnace having spaced water tubes forming part of a verticallyextending wall thereof and a fluid fuel burner nozzle arranged todischarge between a pair'of said water tubes and a plurality of airports betweenanother pair of said water tubes and arranged to dischargetowards the discharge from said burner nozzle.

2. In a furnace, a vertically extending wall having spaced water tubes,means for closing the spaces between the tubes, and a multi-ported fluidfuel bumer in the wall projecting inwardly no further than the innerface of the water tubes and having separate fuel and air outletsarranged to respectively discharge fuel and air jets impinging upon oneanother.

3. A furnace having a wall with spaced water tubes, means for closingthe spaces between the tubes, and a fuel burner arranged to dischargethrough. said wall and having metallic parts closely fitting and inheat-conductive relation with said water tubes.

4. In combination, a burner having an elongated opening for introducinga stream of fuel into a furnace, and means to project air in staggeredstreams on opposite sides against the stream of fuel near where itissues from said opening.

5. In combination, a burner having an elongated opening for introducingfuel and air into a furnace, auxiliary air ports on each side of and inproximity to and directed towards said fuel means to introduce gas intosaid furnace between said opening and ports.

6. In combination, a burner having an elongated opening for introducingfuel and air into a furnace, and spaced water tubes in the wall of saidfurnace, said burner being recessed to receive and engage some of saidtubes and being attached thereto.

'1. In combination, a burner having an elongated opening for introducinga stream of fuel and air into a 'fumace, spaced water tubes in the wallof said furnace, said furnace wall having certain outwardly bent tubesupon which said burner is supported, said bent tubes providing air inletopenings on opposite sides of said burner opening directed towards thestream of fuel and said furnace discharge.

ing parallel to said tubes and being recessed to receive and engage someof said tubes and being attached thereto, and means to introduce airinto at an angle to the axis of'said burner. p

' 10. In combination, a furnace, means for discharging fuel into said.furnace in a fuel stream tending to produce a flame elongatedtransversely of the direction of fuel discharge, and means fordischarging a plurality of high velocity air jets towards opposite sidesof said fuel stream and deflecting adjacent portions of said .fuelstream in opposite directions at substantially the same distance fromthe point of fuel 11. In combination, a furnace wall having a series ofspaced vertically extending cooling fluid tubes, a fuel burner portformed in said wallpa fuel nozzle arranged to discharge a downwardlydirected fuel stream between adjacent tubes extending across said burnerport, and meansifor discharging a high velocity air jet through saidburner port below said fuel stream and contacting therewith-adjacentsaid wall.

\ 12. In combination, a furnace wall having a fuel burner port formedtherein, an elongated fuel nozzle arranged to discharge a relativelythin sheet of fuel through said burner port, and a plurality of airpassages extending into said burner port at opposite sides of said fuelnozzle and arranged. to provide a plurality of staggered air jetsinclined towards said sheet of fuel and impinging on different portionsthereof adjacent said wall. v

13. In combination, a furnace wall having a fuel burner port formedtherein, a fuel burner nozzle arranged to discharge a fuel jet throughsaid burner port, means for discharging a high velocity air jet throughsaid burner port in a direction inclined to said fuel jet and impingingthereon adjacent said wall, and spaced cooling fluid tubes extendingacross said burner port in position to shield the discharge and ofsaid'burner nozzle from radiant heat.

' 14. In a fuel burner, a narrow elongated inlet for primary air andfuel, staggered secondary air inlets on opposite sides of said primaryair and fuel inlet, and means to cause the secondary air to enter at anangle to the direction of entry of the primary air and fuel.

15. In combination, a furnace, means for discharging fluid fuel intosaid furnace in a plurality of staggered streams, and means forseparately discharging air for combustion into the furnace in aplurality of staggered streams intermediate said fuel streams.

-16. In combination, a furnace, means for discharging fluid fuel intosaid furnace in a plurality of staggered streams, and meansforseparately discharging air for combustion into the furnace in apluralityof staggered streams intermediate said fuel streams and eachdirected to impinge on a corresponding fuel stream.

17. In combination, a furnace, means for discharging fluid fuel intosaid. furnace in a plurality of staggered streams with the points offuel discharge arranged in substantially parallel planes, and means forseparately discharging air for combustion into the furnace in aplurality of staggered streams with the points of discharge. thereofsubstantially in alignment with and intermediate said fuel streams. s

'18. In combination, a furnace having a wall,

means for discharging a fluid fuel into the furnace in a plurality ofstaggeredstreams projected at oblique angles to said wall, and means forseparately discharging air for combustion into the furnace in aplurality of staggered streams at points intermediate said staggeredfuel streams and projected at oblique angles to said wall to causecorresponding fuel and air streams to impinge upon. one another.

19. In combination, a furnace having a wall,

means for discharging a fluid fuel in a plurality of streams enteringthe furnace at points staggered in substantially parallel planes, andmeans for separately discharging air for combustion into the furnace ina plurality of staggered streams at' points intermediate and in theplanes of the points of discharge of said staggered fuel streams and atoblique angles to said wall to cause each air stream to impinge upon acorresponding fuel stream.

20. In combination, a furnace having a wallineluding a series of spacedvertically. extending cooling fluid tubes, means for discharging a fluidfuel into the furnace in a plurality of staggered streams passingbetween pairs of adjacent wall tubes, and means for separatelydischarging air for combustion into'the furnace in a plurality ofstaggered streams at points between said wall tubes and intermediatesaid staggered fuel streams.

21. In combination, a furnace having a wallincluding a series of spacedvertically extending cooling fluid tubes, means for discharging a fluidfuel into the furnace in a plurality of staggered streams passingbetween pairs of adjacent wall tubes at oblique angles to said wall,andmeans for separately discharging air for combustion into the furnacein a plurality of staggered streams projected at points between saidwall tubes and intermediate said staggered fuel streams and at obliqueangles to said wall to cause corresponding fuel and air streams toimpinge upon one another adjacent their points of discharge.

22. In combination, a substantially vertical furnace wall having aseries of spaced vertically extending cooling fluid tubes, a fuel nozzlearranged to discharge a downwardly inclined fuel stream between a pairof said tubes, and means for discharging a high velocity air jet betweensaid pair of tubes below the point of fuel discharge therebetween andcommingling with the fuel stream adjacent said wall.

- 23. In combination, a furnace wall having a fuel burner port therein,a fuel burner arranged to'discharge a fluid fuel through said port, aseries of tiles adjacent said port, and a pair of cooling tubes havingbent portions embracing said port at the furnace end thereof andarranged in heat transfer relation to said tiles.

24. In combination, a furnace wall having a fuel. burner port therein, afuel burner arranged to discharge a fluid fuel through said port,

25. In a furnace, a wall comprising water cooled tubes, certain of saidtubes being dis v placed outwardly from the line of the furnace wall to'form a recess in said wall, said wall having an-air box opening intothe recess therein,

and a pulverized fuel nozzle extending through said wall at the recessin proximity to said air box, in combination with a gaseous fuel nozzleextending within said air box and opening into said recess.

26. In a furnace for burning fuel in suspension, means for dischargingpulverized fuel into the furnace in a stream tending to produce a flameelongated transversely of the direction of fuel discharge, and means forsupplying a gaseous fuel to the furnace in a plurality of high velocityjets at opposite sides of the pulverized fuel stream and mixingtherewith adjacent the point of pulverized fuel discharge.

27. In a furnace for burning fuel in suspension, means for dischargingpulverized fuel into the furnace in a stream tending to produce a flameelongated transversely of the direction of fuel discharge, means forsupplying a gaseous fuel to the furnace in a plurality of high velocityjets at opposite sides of the pulverized fuel stream and mixingtherewith adjacent the point of pulverized fuel discharge, and means forsupplying air for combustion in a plurality of high velocity streams atopposite sides of the pulverized fuel stream and intermediate the jetsof gaseous fuel.

28. In combination, a furnace wall having a fuel burner port formedtherein, a pulverized fuel burner nozzle arranged to discharge a. streamof pulverized fuel through said burner port, a gaseous fuel burnernozzle arranged to discharge a high velocity gaseous fuel jet throughsaid burner port in a direction inclined to said pulverized fuel streamand mixing therewith adjacent said wall, and spaced cooling fluid tubesextending across said burner port in cooling relation to one of saidburnennozzles. a

29. In combination, a furnace wall having a fuel burner port formedtherein, a pulverized fuel burner nozzle arranged to discharge a streamof pulverized fuel through said burner port, a

gaseous fuel burner nozzle arranged to discharge a high velocity gaseousfuel jet through said burner port in a direction, inclined to saidpulverized fuel stream and impinging thereon adjacent said wall, andspaced cooling fluid tubes extending across said burner port in coolingrelation to said pulverized fuel bur ner nozzle, and means for passingair for combustion through said burner port in cooling relation to saidgaseous fuel burner nozzle.

30. In combination, a furnace wall having a series of transverselyspaced cooling fluid tubes, a fuel nozzle arranged to discharge a fuelstream between a pair of said tubes, an air box surrounding said fuelnozzle, means for discharging combustion'air from said air box between apair of said tubes adjacent the pointof fuel discharge and in adirection to commingle with the fuel stream adjacent said wall, and alighting torch conduit extending through said air box and opening.between a pair of said tubes adjacent the point of fuel discharge.

31. In combination, a furnace wall having a series of spaced coolingfluid tubes, a fuel burner having nozzle means arranged todischarge fuelbetween adjacent tubes in a plurality of streams alternately oppositelydirected, air inlet ports adjacent said fuel burner nozzle means andopening to the furnace between adjacent tubes, and

' means for supplying air for combustion to the furnace through said airinlet ports in high velocity jets impinging on and commingling with'corresponding oppositely directed fuel streams.

32. In combination, a furnace wall having a series of spaced verticallyextending cooling fluid tubes, a fuel burner port in said wall, a fuelburner having nozzle means arranged to discharge fuel through said portand between adjacent tubes in a plurality of streams alternatelyoppositely directed, air inlet ports opening to the furnace betweensimilarly directed fuel streams, and means'for supplying air forcombustion to the furnace through each of said air inlet ports in a highvelocity jet impinging on and commingling with an oppositely directedfuel stream.

mm G. BAILEY.

